View source for 5.2.3 ROM (Read-Only Memory)

=== 5.2.3 ROM (Read-Only Memory) ===
While RAM is like your computer's temporary desk where information comes and goes, '''ROM''' (which stands for '''Read-Only Memory''') is more like a permanent instruction manual or a set of rules engraved into the computer's foundation. As its name suggests, "Read-Only" means that the computer can read information from it, but it generally cannot easily write new information to it or change what's already there.

Here's why ROM is so important:

* '''Non-Volatile Memory:''' Unlike RAM, ROM is '''non-volatile'''. This means it does ''not'' lose its information when the computer is turned off. The data stored in ROM stays there permanently.
* '''Startup Instructions:''' The most critical job of ROM is to store the essential instructions your computer needs to start up. When you press the power button, the very first things your computer does (like checking if the keyboard and mouse are connected, finding the operating system, and performing a basic hardware check) are guided by programs stored in ROM. This special startup program is often called the '''BIOS''' (Basic Input/Output System) or '''UEFI''' (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) on newer computers.
* '''Firmware:''' The programs stored in ROM are often referred to as "firmware." Think of firmware as software that is permanently "burned" or "fixed" onto a hardware device. Many devices besides your main computer (like your printer, smart TV, or even your phone) have ROM chips containing firmware that tells them how to operate.

Because the information in ROM is usually put there by the manufacturer and is rarely (if ever) changed by the user, it provides a stable and reliable way for your computer to know how to begin its operations every time you turn it on.

==== Bibliography for 5.2.3 ROM (Read-Only Memory) ====

* '''What is ROM?'''
** Lenovo. "[https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/glossary/what-is-rom/?orgRef=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F&srsltid=AfmBOorvRQcJwE0LI8HjWZRbuV6GU4Qn_5RyIHFoSF1kr0Ey8C2PW6O8 What is ROM memory?"]
** GeeksforGeeks. "ROM (Read Only Memory)." ''GeeksforGeeks.org'', https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-organization-architecture/read-only-memory-rom/#
* '''BIOS/UEFI and Firmware:'''
** TrentonSystems. "What is BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)? " https://www.trentonsystems.com/en-au/blog/what-is-bios
** IBM. "What is firmware?" ''IBM.com'', https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/firmware