10.4.5 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Imagine you're telling a story, or listening to one. The words you hear now make sense because you remember the words you heard just before. If someone says, "The dog barked at the...", you expect the next word to be something like "cat," "mailman," or "stranger," not "sky." Your brain remembers the sequence of words.

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a special type of digital "brain" that are designed to handle information that comes in a sequence, where the order of things really matters. They have a "memory" of what happened before! This makes them super useful for things like:

Understanding language: Like translating from English to Spanish, or writing a story.
Predicting the next word: Like when your phone tries to guess what you're typing next.
Analyzing music: Understanding melodies and rhythms.
Predicting stock prices: Looking at past trends to guess future ones (though this is very hard!).

Here's the cool part about how RNNs remember:

Looping Back: Unlike other digital "brains" where information only flows forward, RNNs have a special loop. This loop allows information from a previous step (like a previous word in a sentence) to be fed back into the network when it processes the next step.
The "Memory" Cell: Think of it like a little note-taking system. When the RNN processes a piece of information, it can write a little note to itself about it. Then, when it processes the next piece of information, it can read that note. This helps it understand how the current piece of information fits with what came before.

So, when an RNN is reading a sentence, it doesn't just look at each word in isolation. It remembers the words it just read, which helps it understand the meaning of the current word and predict what might come next. This "memory" makes RNNs incredibly powerful for tasks where context and order are important.

Bibliography

For Backpropagation:
- Brownlee, Jason. "A Gentle Introduction to Backpropagation Through Time." Machine Learning Mastery. Available at: https://machinelearningmastery.com/gentle-introduction-backpropagation-time/ (This site has many good introductory articles on machine learning concepts.)
- Simplilearn. "Backpropagation in Neural Networks" YouTube,https://youtu.be/ayOOMlgb320?si=OVsWbJuxJ5xI_6Xj
For Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs):
- IBM Cloud Education. "What are Convolutional Neural Networks?" IBM Blog. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/convolutional-neural-networks (Look for the "What is CNN used for?" and "How does CNN work?" sections.)
- Google AI. "Machine Learning Crash Course." https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course
- Google AI. "ML Practicum." Google's Machine Learning Crash Course. Available at: https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/practica/image-classification/convolutional-neural-networks
For Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs):
- IBM Cloud Education. "What is a recurrent neural network (RNN)?" IBM Blog. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/recurrent-neural-networks#:~:text=for%20more%20information.-,How%20RNNs%20work,the%20current%20input%20and%20output. (Look for the "How do RNNs work?" and "What are RNNs used for?" sections.)
- freeCodeCamp.org. "How Deep Neural Networks Work - Full Course for Beginners" YouTube. https://youtu.be/dPWYUELwIdM?si=8ufjAzYLTnFgsn4Y
- freeCodeCamp.org. "Deep Learning Crash Course for Beginners." YouTube. https://youtu.be/VyWAvY2CF9c?si=oGLcKdSLdvDJ4iEZ

(Note: While these resources are for a general audience, a 7th grader might need some help understanding all the details. The goal of this bibliography is to provide starting points for further exploration.)